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Read our privacy policy. There are few chemical elements as ordinary sounding as tin. Tin II chloride, formerly known as stannous chloride, appears to be a straightforward white crystalline substance, but its structure is unusual. An attempt to dissolve the compound in water will initially go well, but as more water is added, the chloride reacts to precipitate out insoluble hydroxotin II chloride, leaving hydrogen chloride behind.
Steel is dipped into the solution and then an electrical current applied with the metal as the cathode. The solution is electrolysed, depositing a protective layer of tin on the steel. This is only the start of the tin II chloride story, though, as it crops up surprisingly often as a helper in manufacturing processes.
So, the first stage in making a mirror is to coat the glass with tin II chloride. When silver is applied, usually as a salt such as silver nitrate, the tin chloride reduces the nitrate to deposit silver on the surface. Tin compounds are known to cause gastric irritation.
This is why the Scientific Committee of the European Food Safety Authority recommends that consumers should not store food in open tin-coated cans. It might seem strange, therefore, that the Authority accepts tin II chloride as a food additive, E-number E However, it can only be used as a stabiliser to keep the whiteness in one food — tinned or bottled asparagus.
However, if you spot E in your preserved asparagus, there is no need to panic. The panel concluded that 'stannous chloride E is of no safety concern in this current authorised use and use levels.
The other compound, tin IV chloride, originally called stannic chloride is a liquid at room temperature. It extracts water from the air, producing fumes and forms a hydrated crystal with five water molecules to each of tin chloride. It forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. SnCl 2 is widely used as a reducing agent in acid solution , and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating.
Structure SnCl 2 has a lone pair, such that the molecule in the gas phase is bent. In the solid state, crystalline SnCl 2 forms chains linked via chloride bridges as shown.
The dihydrate is also three-coordinate, with one water coordinated on to the tin, and a second water coordinated to the first. The main part of the molecule stacks into double layers in the crystal lattice, with the "second" water sandwiched between the layers. Chemical properties Tin II chloride can dissolve in less than its own mass of water without apparent decomposition, but as the solution is diluted hydrolysis occurs to form an insoluble basic salt: Therefore if clear solutions of tin II chloride are to be used, hydrochloric acid must be added in order to maintain the equilibrium towards the left-hand side using Le Chatelier's principle.
Aspiration hazard: No effects known. Additional toxicological information: To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known. Toxicity Aquatic toxicity: No data available Persistence and degradability No data available Bioaccumulative potential No data available Mobility in soil No data available Additional ecological information: Do not allow material to be released to the environment without official permits.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities to reach groundwater, water courses, or sewage systems. Avoid transfer into the environment. Waste treatment methods Recommendation Consult official regulations to ensure proper disposal. Uncleaned packagings: Recommendation: Disposal must be made according to official regulations. Recommended cleansing agent: Water, if necessary with cleansing agents.
National regulations All components of this product are listed in the U. California Proposition 65 Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer Substance is not listed. Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity Substance is not listed. Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female Substance is not listed. Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male Substance is not listed.
Information about limitation of use: For use only by technically qualified individuals. Substance is not listed. Chemical safety assessment: A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out. The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions.
It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product.
See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. Chlorine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 3 element.
Its electron configuration is [Ne]3s 2 3p 5. In its elemental form, chlorine is a yellow-green gas. Chlorine is the second lightest halogen after fluorine. It has the third highest electronegativity and the highest electron affinity of all elements, making it a strong oxidizing agent. It is rarely found by itself in nature. Chlorine was discovered and first isolated by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in It was first recognized as an element by Humphry Davy in See more Tin products.
Tin atomic symbol: Sn, atomic number: 50 is a Block P, Group 14, Period 5 element with an atomic weight of The number of electrons in each of tin's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d 10 5s 2 5p 2. The tin atom has a radius of In its elemental form, tin has a silvery-gray metallic appearance.
It is malleable, ductile and highly crystalline. Tin has nine stable isotopes and 18 unstable isotopes. Under 3. Applications for tin include soldering , plating, and such alloys as pewter. The first uses of tin can be dated to the Bronze Age around BC in which tin and copper were combined to make the alloy bronze.
The origin of the word tin comes from the Latin word Stannum which translates to the Anglo-Saxon word tin. For more information on tin, including properties, safety data, research, and American Elements' catalog of tin products, visit the Tin element page.
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Micro-fabricated electrochemical chloride ion sensors: From the present to the future. Skip to main content. Materials by Element. Materials by Form. All Nanomaterials Quantum Dots. Materials by Application. Life Science Chemicals. About Us. Share This Page. Email Tweet Facebook. View the history of American Elements on Wikipedia.
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